The Portuguese physician and neurologist António Egas Moniz pioneered a surgery called prefrontal leucotomy in 1935. The procedure involved drilling holes in the patient’s head and destroying tissue in the frontal lobes by injecting alcohol. He later improved the technique using a surgical instrument called a leucotome that cut brain tissue with a retractable wire loop.[3] Moniz won the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1949 for this work.

So inventing a procedure to cut someone’s brain up is suitable for a Nobel prize.

That’s about right.  I wonder what kind of anesthesia they used on the Nobel committee.