Supreme Court Won’t Review Drunk Driving Case Thrown Out Due To Lack Of A Traffic Violation

The Supreme Court of Virginia recently threw out a drunk driving conviction because the officer who pulled over the drunk driver, who did indeed turn out to be inebriated, hadn’t actually observed any traffic violations committed by the driver. Instead, the officer was reacting to an anonymous report that the driver was drunk.
US Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts (joined by Justice Scalia) wanted to take up this case, but his fellow justices ruled against him. And I think they were right.

WASHINGTON – Chief Justice John Roberts spoke out in vain Tuesday against a lower court ruling he says will “grant drunk drivers ‘one free swerve’” that could potentially end someone’s life.
Roberts wanted the Supreme Court to review the lower court ruling but he failed to persuade enough of his colleagues. The court declined to hear an appeal from Virginia officials who had their drunk driving conviction of Joseph A. Moses Harris, Jr. thrown out by that state’s Supreme Court. Police were notified by an anonymous tipster that Harris was driving intoxicated, but the arresting officer did not see Harris break any traffic laws. …
“The decision below commands that police officers following a driver reported to be drunk do nothing until they see the driver actually do something unsafe on the road — by which time it may be too late,” Roberts wrote.
“The stakes are high. The effect of the rule below will be to grant drunk drivers ‘one free swerve’ before they can be legally pulled over by police,” Roberts said. “It will be difficult for an officer to explain to the family of a motorist killed by that swerve that the police had a tip that the driver of the other car was drunk, but that they were powerless to pull him over, even for a quick check.” …
Harris was convicted of driving while intoxicated, but the Virginia Supreme Court threw out his conviction. The court said since the police officer did not see erratic driving behavior like swerving, there was not a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity to warrant the stop.

I agree with Roberts that a drunk driver poses a serious threat on the road. What I don’t agree with is the idea that the cop can just pull the driver over without probable cause. And an anonymous tip is simply not enough probable cause.
The whole point of drunk driving laws is taking unsafe drivers off the road. If someone is not driving erratically or violating any traffic laws then they are not, by definition, an unsafe driver. This officer could have continued to follow Harris. If Harris had broken a traffic law at some later time he could have lawfully pulled him over. Or, if Harris had gotten home safely without violating any laws the matter could have been dropped.
But none of that happened. Instead the officer acted without probable cause and the conviction was, rightfully, thrown out of court.

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  • sayanything-70

    Letting him go is baloney!!! That one free swerve could cost the lives of YOUR family. This ticks me off big time. If policeman has a tip that the driver is driving drunk that is probable cause. You'd think rational people would rather be stopped than kill somebody. I don't think being stopped by a policeman is violating anybody's rights. If you've done something wrong and you get caught because a policeman randomly stops you… well tough tulips. Face the music.

  • http://sayanythingblog.com robport

    I'm sorry, but I think random stops and stops without probable cause should be illegal.

  • sayanything-43

    As if the cops won't lie and say they saw a swerve.

  • http://sayanythingblog.com robport

    Exactly. It's easy enough for cops to just manufacture a reason to pull you over.

    Not that that's all that good of a situation either.

  • sayanything-38

    Anonymous tips have come under scrutiny in recent years. If an anonymous tip is received that the guy in the red shirt standing on the corner is dealing drugs and an officer stops the guy, pats him down, and finds drugs, it's no good anymore under the new standards.

    I suspect that's the reasoning behind this decision. Reasonable suspicion – which the call establishes – isn't enough and Terry v. Ohio (pat down case) wouldn't apply. The officer would actually have to observe a violation before initiating what would amount to a criminal investigation.

    The reason for that is this: Field testing for a DWI is initiated based on probable cause. You can't start pulling people over because tou think they may have been drinking. That's why cops can't just wait down the street from a bar and stop people they see leaving. Is it reasonable to assume they've been drinking? Sure. Is assuming enough. No. One reason anonymous tips are shaky is that sometimes they come from angry spouses or significant others. Their wanting you in jail doesn't constitute probable cause.

    That being said, I'd hate to be the guy behind someone we'd had a call on, not stop him,, and then he swerves head on into someone minding their own business. It would be a nightmare, both professionally and personally.

  • sayanything-43

    I'm happier knowing they'll lie rather than claim they can pull me over for no reason.

    Not that it makes much difference.

  • sayanything-38

    Rob,

    Really, it's not necessary to lie if you want to pull someone over bad enough. If they go one mile an hour over the speed limit or have a license plate light out or stop too far (even a foot) into an intersection or start to change lanes before you turn on your turn signal – well, the list goes on and on. All of that establishes probable cause. Any cop could make a hundred traffic stops a day without ever having to lie about any of them, and any who choose to lie are stupid.

  • HG
  • robert108

    It wasn't "random", and the cop had what he regarded as probable cause. I think it's much wiser to trust the perception of a trained and experienced traffic officer than to endanger the population by being permissive about drunk driving.
    I don't think stopping everyone driving down the street is constitutional, though.
    Bottom line for me: the cop was right, and some lives may have been saved.

  • http://sayanythingblog.com robport

    Right. That was my point. If a cop wants to stop you he can. And given that reality I don't have a problem being ticky tacky on a case like this.

    I don't think we have a problem with cops having too little power.

  • sayanything-70

    Sorry Mick. I think you're wrong. The officer had a TIP that the driver was drunk. And he was. If he wasn't all he has to do is say "Hello, officer, how can I help you." Problem over and done with.

  • http://Array Lioncourt

    In virginia the first DUI is a misdemeanor. The general rules about misdemeanors is that the the police officer must see a violation to arrest. Felonies can be based on tips.

    I don't see what the federal interest in this case would be for the SCOTUS to be able to overrule a state supreme court.

  • robert108

    Do we protect the criminal, or do we protect the law abiding citizens?
    Lenin believed that crime was a product of a disordered society, and therefore, criminals are not to blame for their crimes. This is why lefties are eager to kill unborn children, but stage midnight vigils to try to stop the execution of a vicious killer.
    They consider the killer a victim, but not the unborn child; in that case, the mother is the victim, in their thinking.

  • http://SayAnythingBlog.com The_Whistler_ofnd

    The anonymous source means there just might not be a source.

    That pretty much leaves you with no civil rights. Cops need a search

    warrant, they claim they have an anonymous source.

  • http://sayanythingblog.com robport

    He had a tip. But that's not good enough. If the officer doesn't observe any wrong doing then there's no probable cause.

  • sayanything-43

    I also strongly disagree with the drunk driving checkpoints.

  • http://sayanythingblog.com robport

    Its a constitutional issue lioncourt. Search and seizure. So of course the supreme court has skin in the game.

    And felonies can be based on tips? What does that even mean?

    Honestly. Smarten up.

  • http://sayanythingblog.com robport

    Everyone has equal protection under the law 180. And. Everyone is presumed innocent until found guilty. And everyone has a constitutional right to protection from unreasonable search and seizure.

    You don't get to just throw those things out the window because its one of your pet issues.

  • http://sayanythingblog.com robport

    As do I.

  • http://SayAnythingBlog.com The_Whistler_ofnd

    Hey if someone's willing to go on record and say that they saw this guy

    drunk as a skunk, getting into his car I have no problem with them doing a

    pull over with that.

    An anonymous tip means that they should follow them and see if you can come

    up with probable cause to pull them over. As Pilgrim said it doesn't take

    much to come up with that.

  • http://sayanythingblog.com robport

    I agree.

    If this wasn't an anonymous tip I wouldn't have a problem. Because there's also a 6th amendment issue here: "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense."

  • bikebubba

    I think the problem here is that the tip was anonymous. Since you cannot prosecute an anonymous tipster for false testimony, it generally cannot amount to probable cause, and rightly so–do you want the daily kos crowd calling in bazillions of anonymous tips to paralyze political action they object to?

  • headward

    This is the right decision. I think drunk driving checkpoints are unamerican. Nothing says we're going to search you because you're driving. Most of the time the police over extend their power during traffic stops.

  • sayanything-277

    "And felonies can be based on tips? What does that even mean?"

    I'm not arguing that this is right but doesn't this happen all the time with informants in drug cases?

  • sayanything-106

    They are.

  • sayanything-106

    Or should I say that a cop can't just pull someone over because he is _________ . You need to have a crime or probable cause.

  • 11B40

    Greetings:

    Is it just me or is there an analogy to our government's approach to illegal immigration here?

    It seems to me that the only "socially acceptable" enforcement of the immigration laws is against the hopefully limited number who commit other crime, kind of a one free illegal entry.

  • sayanything-8436

    After spending 21 years (and counting) in the back of an ambulance, all I can say is that the vast majority of my auto accidents have involved some kind of chemical influence, and alcohol is by far the leader. Telling a relative that their loved one is not alive is far more upsetting than a traffic stop by an overzealous cop.

  • TheTodd

    Carol: "If you've done something wrong and you get caught because a policeman randomly stops you… well tough tulips. Face the music."

    Now, what about the people who don't want to live in a police state?

  • sayanything-463

    The anonymous caller is nothing more than a finger point in a certain direction. Any reasonable suspicion to stop the vehicle must be developed and articulated, by the law enforcement officer. The call is not enough, never has been. I'm surprised this got to the supreme court.

  • sayanything-7775

    In another scenario, let’s say that an anonymous tip names a suspect in a robbery. Police arrive at the suspect’s home and upon seeing his face, identify him as the man in surveillance photos. What then? Could it also be argued that the police had no right to knock on this man’s door to follow up on an anonymous tip? They had no prior knowledge that this man could be their suspect if it wasn’t for an anonymous tip.

  • sayanything-81

    they won't review it because they are busy checking out the 2010 Pirelli calendar which, by the way, f**king rocks.

    *NSFW*: http://dontlinkthis.net/movies/hires/2010pirellic…

  • sayanything-3960

    You can investigate an anonymous tip at any time You just cannot stop a person unless the anonymous tip has some indicia of reliability, usually shown by the tip containing some prediction of future conduct that would lead a reasonable person to believe the person may be committing a crime.

  • sayanything-81

    annonymous tips are EFFECTIVE probable cause in philly.

  • sayanything-7134

    The liberal side of the court votes for individuals rights? Scalia votes against individual right. NOW thats a BIG WTF

  • sayanything-14859

    don't drink and drive. be safe always.

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