Home Mobile Archives Reader Blogs Register Login

Monday, April 05, 2004

Illegal Sniffing And Searching

Outside the Beltway has a post today about a Supreme Court case involving a drug sniffing dog and a routine traffic stop.

From the New York Times:

When Roy Caballes was pulled over by an Illinois state trooper for speeding on a rainy night in 1998, the incident did not seem to be grist for a Supreme Court case.
But as Mr. Caballes's car was sitting beside Interstate 80 in La Salle County, another trooper arrived with a police dog. The dog sniffed around it for the presence of drugs, and marijuana was found in the trunk.

Mr. Caballes was given only a warning for speeding (he had been clocked at 71 miles an hour in a 65 m.p.h. zone), but he was in big trouble because of the marijuana, since he had prior drug-related arrests.

The 1998 arrest resulted in a conviction on marijuana-trafficking charges, a sentence of 12 years in prison and a fine of more than $250,000. Mr. Caballes appealed, contending that the trial court should have suppressed the evidence of the drugs found in the trunk and thrown out the arrest because the police had improperly widened the bounds of an ordinary traffic stop.


I could be wrong, but would a police officer even require a warrant to walk around the outside of your car with a dog? Does sniffing the air around your vehicle constitute an invasion of your privacy?

I don't think so.

Comments

Avatar for James Joyner

Court rulings are mixed on such things.  But clearly having a dog trained to search for drugs by sniffing sniff one’s car is a search.

By your logic, parabolic microphones to listen in on conversations you’re having inside your home wouldn’t be a search, either.

James Joyner on April 5, 2004 at 01:04 pm
Rob
Rob
18086 comments
Send a private message

I’m not sure its so clear.

Your example of a parabolic microphone isn’t exactly right for this situation.  If the conversation taking place inside the house were loud enough for a passing police officer to hear would that be an invasion of privacy?

I apply that logic to this situation.  If the odor of drugs is strong enough for a search dog to smell from outside the vehicle it isn’t an invasion of privacy, at least in my opinion.


When the people fear their government, there is tyranny; when the government fears the people, there is liberty.

-- Thomas Jefferson

Rob’s recently listened-to songs:

robport.gif border=0

Rob on April 5, 2004 at 01:04 pm
Avatar for Marty

"Gillette next asked defendant if he had ever been arrested, and defendant responded that he had not. The dispatcher subsequently reported that defendant had two prior arrests for distribution of marijuana, and Gillette began to write the warning ticket. He was interrupted by another officer calling him over the radio on an unrelated matter. Gillette testified he was still writing the warning ticket when Trooper Graham arrived with his drug-detection dog and began walking around defendant’s car. The dog alerted at defendant’s trunk in less than a minute. After Graham advised him of the alert, Gillette searched defendant’s trunk and found marijuana.

Defendant was sentenced to 12 years in prison and ordered to pay a street value fine of $256,136.”

from
http://www.state.il.us/court/Opinions/SupremeCourt/2003/November/Opinions/Html/91547.htm

Sounds like the guy had a lot of pot.  And two priors over the radio. And a good dog nearby. Case Closed. 

Save some of the Constitution for the innocent, why don’t ya!

Marty on April 5, 2004 at 06:04 pm
Rob
Rob
18086 comments
Send a private message

You make a good point Marty.

Honestly, I don’t think that trotting a drug sniffing dog around the outside of a vehicle constitutes a “search.” Now if said police officers were to start opening doors to the vehicle that would be a different story.


When the people fear their government, there is tyranny; when the government fears the people, there is liberty.

-- Thomas Jefferson

Rob’s recently listened-to songs:

robport.gif border=0

Rob on April 5, 2004 at 07:04 pm
Avatar for Jason

Was there probable cause? What looked suspicious about the car or its driver? If everyone who had a past conviction became suspect, then a person who had paid their ‘price’ for making a mistake could be paying that price over and over again. Yes, this individual happened to be carrying drugs and was caught. What if an over zealous officer does a traffic stop and, in his enthusiasm to make an arrest, plants a small amount of drugs after finding out that the driver has a past conviction? No warrant is needed and the driver is trapped. Where is the protection?

Jason on April 8, 2004 at 04:04 am
Rob
Rob
18086 comments
Send a private message

Does an officer need probable cause to sniff the air around our vehicle?  If an officer had smelled the marijuana instead of a dog would we be having this argument?


When the people fear their government, there is tyranny; when the government fears the people, there is liberty.

-- Thomas Jefferson

Rob’s recently listened-to songs:

robport.gif border=0

Rob on April 8, 2004 at 05:04 am
Page 1 of 1        

Post a Comment


Before commenting, please recite:

Grant me the serenity to ignore the trolls,
the courage to debate with honest opponents,
and the wisdom to know the difference.

Name   
Email   
URL   
Human?
  
 

Upload Image    

Remember my personal information

Notify me of follow-up comments?

Note: Notifications will only be sent to confirmed email addresses.