Eric Holder Didn’t Know Torture Is A Specific Intent Crime

Andrew McCarthy at NRO has an excellent
article
explaining that federal prosecutions of Bush administration interrogators
are well nigh impossible. He discusses
the issue at length
with Hugh Hewitt, and Hugh also discusses the issue
with Congressman Dan Lungren, who apparently knows a lot more about the relevant
torture statutes than our present Attorney General.

Lungren dismantled Attorney General Eric Holder last
Thursday
by schooling him on the standards required for proving a case of
torture [mixed metaphor alert - woot! woot! - ed.] Torture as a federal crime is a specific intent offense, as
opposed to a general intent offense. That is, to convict a defendant the prosecution
must prove that the defendant had "the motive or purpose" to
commit torture. This is why training our troops on how to resist interrogation
by waterboarding them is not a crime: the intent is to train the troops, not torture
them.

Eric Holder, incredibly, didn’t know this. In his testimony before the House
Judiciary Committee last Thursday, he described torture as a general intent
offense when it is not. Why didn’t Holder bother to do his homework on this
extremely important issue? Or did Holder just think he could slip one past Congress?

Hopefully it is the former, because now that Holder knows what the standard
is, he knows that the DOJ will never, ever, win a case for torture. Unless the
defendants really did intend to torture for torture’s sake ( like the Japanese
war criminals from World War II who were convicted for waterboarding) no jury
will convict. So forget about prosecutions for torture, they ain’t gonna happen.
If it is the latter, the smackdown he received should be enough to ensure he
doesn’t try that again.

Obama punted on this issue when he deferred to his AG on the issue of what
to do about Bush era officials engaged in or advocating the legality of torture.
Now that his AG has been forced to actually understand the damn statute, we
can presume that this issue is dead.

If not, bring it on. It is a sure loser for the Dems.

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  • http://Array Hawk

    Nonsense! Once an individual has enlisted, he/she is certainly not free to “quit at any time.” Wherever did you learn to think, Counselor?

    You can quit SERE school at any time and don’t tell me you can’t. Soldires, sailors and marines are not legally in custody or physical control. That is why the statute does not apply to them, not because of specific intent.

  • http://www.kenmccracken.blogspot.com/ Ken McCracken

    Lioncourt,

    First of all, I am quite sure that Eric Holder himself never got within half a building of that brief. He has drones doing this work for him.

    He claimed that we were torturing him by deporting him because we knew what was likely to happen to him in Germany.

    Yes, and DOJ disputes his claim because the specific intent of sending him to Germany is not to torture him. If he ends up being tortured by his treatment . . . ah well, too bad! That was not DOJ’s specific intent when deporting him.

    Read the bit about the Haitians claiming to have been tortured and maybe you will understand.

    However, that is not what we are discussing here.

    No no, I am quite sure I even put the phrase ‘specific intent’ right in the title of this post.

  • http://www.thedailyslant.com/ Hairy Polemic

    The fact that you are gathering information does not negate the specific intent of inflicting severe physical or mental pain or suffering. As a lawyer you should know that.

    Gauntlet thrown, gauntlet accepted, now I’m gonna beat you bloody with the gauntlet.

    Here, this should clarify all of the arguing on this thread:

    The controlling case defining “specific intent” under federal law is United States v. Bailey, 444 U.S. 394 (1980). Bailey states: “In a general sense, ‘purpose’ corresponds loosely with the common-law concept of specific intent, while ‘knowledge’ corresponds loosely with the concept of general intent.” Id. at 405.

    There you have it. If the CIA agent “knows” that his information gathering will inflict sever pain, then you have general intent. If his main “purpose” is to inflict pain, then you have specific intent.

    So if your main purpose is information gathering, there is no specific intent to torture, just general.

    Please make all subsequent arguments to the Supreme Court as it is not within my power to overturn Bailey.

  • http://www.thedailyslant.com/ Hairy Polemic

    Lioncourt,

    You do not have a promising legal career ahead of you. Neither does Eric Holder if he tries to prosecute anyone…

    Rule 3.1 Meritorious Claims and Contentions

    A lawyer shall not bring or defend a proceeding, or assert or controvert an issue therein, unless there is a basis in law and fact for doing so that is not frivolous, which includes a good faith argument for an extension, modification or reversal of existing law. A lawyer for the defendant in a criminal proceeding, or the respondent in a proceeding that could result in incarceration, may nevertheless so defend the proceeding as to require that every element of the case be established.

    He would be sanctioned and/or disbarred under Rules 3.1 and 8.4 respectively.

  • Lioncourt

    There you have it. If the CIA agent “knows” that his information gathering will inflict sever pain, then you have general intent. If his main “purpose” is to inflict pain, then you have specific intent.

    That is incorrect counselor. His purpose is to inflict the pain to get a confession. He is not doing this knowlingly, he is doing it purposefully.

    When you do something knowingly you know or should know what the results of your actions are.

    When you do something purposefully you intend the results.

    In the cases we are discussing the interrogators intend to cause severe mental or physical pain or suffering because that is what they believe drives results. Knowingly is a subset of purposefully. Everything done purposefully is done knowingly, but everything done knowingly is not done purposefully.

    Do you really believe that if an interogator cut off a suspects finger to gain information it is not torture?

  • Arsenal

    Amatuer hour continues…

  • Lioncourt

    Did you read the case you quoted?

    It is about a Nazi who was being deported to Germany to stand trial for the murder of 29,000 people. He claimed that we were torturing him by deporting him because we knew what was likely to happen to him in Germany.

    That is a good example of general intent. The US’s intent was to deport him to stand trial. Even if we knew what would likely happen to him it clearly was not our intent.

    However, that is not what we are discussing here.

    But thanks for showing that Eric Holder does know the difference between general and specific intent.

  • Hawk

    The intent is information gathering. Infliction of pain is a byproduct. Any federal criminal court in the land is bound by that. Stop thinking civil law with its lower level of proof or should I say more correctly, convincing, Lioncourt. In the end, that is all that is about. Convincing a civil jury of ordinary people of XYZ. In criminal law, the standards are much different and much tighter.

    Read the statute. It requires torture to be done under color of law and information gathering would fit under that.

    The specific intent goes to the action, not the motive behind the action. If you intend to “inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering” you have the requisite specific intent. The fact that you are information gathering is irrelevant. Stop trying to convince me that you know anything about this issue.

    This is why training our troops on how to resist interrogation by waterboarding them is not a crime: the intent is to train the troops, not torture them.

    Bullshit. It is because they are not in custody or physical control under a legal definition. They are volunteers who could quit at any time. It might not be good for their career, but they can quit. It has nothing to do with specific intent.

    This argument about Specific/General intent is why I support the Model Penal Code. Most people, including everybody on this thread, don’t understand it. The Model Penal Code has 4 levels of mens rea which are easily defined and doesn’t have specific or general intent to confuse the matter.

  • Lioncourt

    Ah, our soi dissant veteran and jd returns to spread ignorance…

    I am less ignorant than anybody who thinks that torture isn’t torture as long as the intent is to get information.

    I am certainly less ignorant than you.

  • http://www.kenmccracken.blogspot.com/ Ken McCracken

    BTW, that wasn’t pseudo-legalese nonsense, it was the actual text of the federal statute on torture. Maybe you should look that up too. I certainly would have before making a post about it.

    No Lioncourt, the pseudo-legalese is your non-sensical interpretation of it.

    You have tried to define specific intent in a way that makes it exactly like general intent. You are essentially trying to argue that there is no such thing as specific intent, because it all falls back to the intended outcome under a general intent standard.

    1L stuff indeed. Too bad once you get to 2L you will have blown your chance to understand this stuff.

    Hairly Polemic is exactly right, and the issue of specific intent does not go to the intended outcome, or even the motive, but the purpose for which the act was done.

    That is what specific intent means.

    Read the law, you have to be in custody or physical control.

    Heh, I am pretty sure the military is under the physical contral of its soldiers.

  • Lioncourt

    Lioncourt, the fact that it is done during interrogation for the purpose of eliciting information and not for the purpose of torturing someone is precisely what makes it a specific intent crime.

    Specific intent goes to whether you intended the result of the action, not the reason for you doing the action. In the case of torture it is whether you intended to inflict severe mental or physical pain or suffering. The fact that you are doing it to get information is not a defense to whether you intended to inflict severe mental or physical pain or suffering. Under your theory you could cut off a persons fingers and it wouldn’t be torture as long as you did it during interrogation. It is a ridiculous theory, this is 1L stuff and you should be embarrassed for posting that somebody else didn’t understand it. I have no idea whether Eric Holder doesn’t understands this, but I certainly know that you don’t.

    Bullshit indeed. There is no exception under the law for torture because the ‘victim’ volunteered for it.

    Read the law, you have to be in custody or physical control. There are legal definitions for those, maybe you should look up those too.

  • Bat One

    In his testimony before the House Judiciary Committee last Thursday, he (Holder) described torture as a general intent offense when it is not.

    Eric Holder’s has no experience identifying and prosecuting crimes. His expertise in in obtaining illicit presidential pardons for those who commit the crimes and offer large “donations” in exchange for the pardon.

  • Lioncourt

    You do not have a promising legal career ahead of you. Neither does Eric Holder if he tries to prosecute anyone…
    Rule 3.1 Meritorious Claims and Contentions
    A lawyer shall not bring or defend a proceeding, or assert or controvert an issue therein, unless there is a basis in law and fact for doing so that is not frivolous, which includes a good faith argument for an extension, modification or reversal of existing law. A lawyer for the defendant in a criminal proceeding, or the respondent in a proceeding that could result in incarceration, may nevertheless so defend the proceeding as to require that every element of the case be established.
    He would be sanctioned and/or disbarred under Rules 3.1 and 8.4 respectively.

    No I wouldn’t because I am right about this issue. The fact that you are gathering information does not negate the specific intent of inflicting severe physical or mental pain or suffering. As a lawyer you should know that.

  • http://www.kenmccracken.blogspot.com/ Ken McCracken

    It is a difficult proposition to find a situation in which an interrogator does not intend to inflict the pain he is inflicting during interrogation.

    That is not the standard. The interrogator may well intend to inflict pain. But if he does not have the specific intent to torture because his motive or purpose is to elicit information, it is not torture.

    This is the point you repeatedly fail to understand.

    And if you still think this confuses motive with intent, well, you had best email Eric Holder and tell him that. His people, according to you, are all working under a misunderstanding of what mens rea is.

    He is your guy, not mine.

  • Lioncourt

    No no, I am quite sure I even put the phrase ‘specific intent’ right in the title of this post.

    Right, but all the cases you cite are not about interrogators. They are about returning a war criminal or with the Haitians the conditions prisoners are kept in.

    It is a difficult proposition to find a situation in which an interrogator does not intend to inflict the pain he is inflicting during interrogation. Interrogations meet the definition of specific intent. They intend to create the pain and that is how they get a response.

  • http://www.kenmccracken.blogspot.com/ Ken McCracken

    Do you really believe that if an interogator cut off a suspects finger to gain information it is not torture?

    Did it ever occur to you that if an interrogator resorts to cutting pieces off of someone that is pretty clear evidence of a specific intent to torture?

  • robert108

    When you clear away the bullshit being peddled by the Dems on this subject, and go to the facts, you find two things:

    One, waterboarding, the way we do it, is not “torture”, by any meaningful definition of the word.

    Two, waterboarding, the way we do it, is incredibly effective in getting information in a timely manner. As such, it makes real torture obsolete.
    The reason our enemies practice real torture is that they hate us and wish to harm us by any means possible. Our intention is to obtain the necessary information to protect us from people with those intentions.
    Remember, a captured terrorist always has the option of simply telling us what we want to know, and nothing else will be necessary.

  • Lioncourt

    Did it ever occur to you that if an interrogator resorts to cutting pieces off of someone that is pretty clear evidence of a specific intent to torture?

    I think they are always doing what they intend to do. I think if they kick somebody in the balls they intend to kick them in the balls. The fact that they are trying to elicit a confession is irrelevant to the intent of the action. They are all specific intent.

    The argument isn’t about whether the actions are specific or general intent, but instead what actions rise to the level of “severe mental or physical pain or suffering.”

    It will be no defense to a torture charge to say “I was just gathering intelligence and his injuries were collatoral damage.” It will be a defense to say “What I did does not rise to the level of severe mental or physical pain or suffering.”

  • Bat One

    It is because they are not in custody or physical control under a legal definition. They are volunteers who could quit at any time.

    Nonsense! Once an individual has enlisted, he/she is certainly not free to “quit at any time.” Wherever did you learn to think, Counselor?

  • Lioncourt

    That is not the standard. The interrogator may well intend to inflict pain. But if he does not have the specific intent to torture because his motive or purpose is to elicit information, it is not torture.

    I understand the point, but I think you are looking at it too broadly. The intent to inflict pain is sufficient purpose to make it specific intent. If not than they could do literally anything as long as the “purpose was to elicit information” and they clearly can’t as my finger cutting off hypothetical shows. The severity of the act is irrelevant to specific intent.

  • http://www.kenmccracken.blogspot.com/ Ken McCracken

    I see the anti-torture zealots are out in force, attempting to obfuscate the issue with their pseudo-legalese nonsense.

    “torture” means an act committed by a person acting under the color of law specifically intended to inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering (other than pain or suffering incidental to lawful sanctions) upon another person within his custody or physical control

    The fact that this is done during interrogation is not a defense just because it is a specific intent crime.

    Lioncourt, the fact that it is done during interrogation for the purpose of eliciting information and not for the purpose of torturing someone is precisely what makes it a specific intent crime.

    You blew up your own argument before you even got going by posting the definition.

    You saw the words right there before your eyes, yet failed to comprehend them.

    Bullshit. It is because they are not in custody or physical control under a legal definition. They are volunteers who could quit at any time. It might not be good for their career, but they can quit. It has nothing to do with specific intent.

    Bullshit indeed. There is no exception under the law for torture because the ‘victim’ volunteered for it.

    You are just pulling this out of your ass.

  • Lioncourt

    You are accusing motive with intent. Under federal law torture is

    “torture” means an act committed by a person acting under the color of law specifically intended to inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering (other than pain or suffering incidental to lawful sanctions) upon another person within his custody or physical control

    The fact that this is done during interrogation is not a defense just because it is a specific intent crime.

    It would be like saying if I took a burger to feed a homeless man that it wasn’t theft because my intent wasn’t to deprive the rightful owner of the burger but to feed the homeless man.

    The statute does not require you to “commit torture for tortures sake.”

    Maybe before criticizing Holder you should know what you are talking about.

  • Lioncourt

    So Lioncourt is now attempting to argue law with some people who actually have practiced it but can’t get his grammar right. The word should be confusing.

    Big deal. I seem to be the only person who knows the difference between specific and general intent.

  • bill-tb

    There seems to be a lot of things that ZERO and his administration doesn’t know. Starting with science.

    But this stands out today — By the time of Dresden, the allies knew the concentration camps existed and the killings were going on … About 11-12 million total were oven-baked by the NAZI eugenics believers. The thought was the war had to be ended quickly to try and stop the horrors of the ovens. How do you pretend t have a moral compass and apologize for bombing Dresden?

    But if you think anything will deter the ZERO and the progressives from their chosen plan, just remember this carnage — 35-50 million have died of malaria since the EPA do-gooders banned DDT. Most who have died were black African children under the age of 5. WHO approved DDT for use in late 2006, after trying in vain for 35 years to prove one shred of the novel Silent Spring was true, and failed. Rachael Carson was proved a kook.

    And now along comes the global warming hoax … ZERO’s going in position is the voters are as ignorant as Kenyans.

  • http://www.kenmccracken.blogspot.com/ Ken McCracken

    A great explanation of specific intent in the torture context, ironically, comes from Holder himself in the case of Demjanjuk v. Holder:

    [T]orture is defined as “an extreme form of cruel and inhuman treatment and does not include lesser forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. . . . ” 8 C.F.R. § 1208.18(a)(2). Moreover, as has been explained by the Third Circuit, CAT requires “a showing of specific intent before the Court can make a finding that a petitioner will be tortured.” Pierre v. Attorney General, 528 F.3d 180, 189 (3d Cir. 2008) (en banc); see 8 C.F.R. § 1208.18(a)(5) (requiring that the act “be specifically intended to inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering”); Auguste v. Ridge, 395 F.3d 123, 139 (3d Cir. 2005) (“This is a ‘specific intent’ requirement and not a ‘general intent’ requirement” [citations omitted.] An applicant for CAT protection therefore must establish that “his prospective torturer will have the motive or purpose” to torture him. Pierre, 528 F.3d at 189; Auguste, 395 F.3d at 153-54 (“The mere fact that the Haitian authorities have knowledge that severe pain and suffering may result by placing detainees in these conditions does not support a finding that the Haitian authorities intend to inflict severe pain and suffering. The difference goes to the heart of the distinction between general and specific intent.”)

  • http://www.dartemis.net/blog/ sayanything-42

    We need to find out where pussycat and rock dove got their law degrees so we can warn the unsuspecting applicants of what poor educations are actually on offer from those institutions…

  • Lioncourt

    BTW, that wasn’t pseudo-legalese nonsense, it was the actual text of the federal statute on torture. Maybe you should look that up too. I certainly would have before making a post about it.

  • http://www.dartemis.net/blog/ sayanything-42

    Note also that the Japanese were in violation of the Customary Laws of Warfare, not because they were waterboarding, but because of who they were waterboarding. Prisoners of War have rights, and violating those rights is a war crime. Illegal Combatants have only the rights to become, and remain, dead.

  • http://www.dartemis.net/blog/ sayanything-42

    Ah, our soi dissant veteran and jd returns to spread ignorance…

  • http://suitepotato.blogspot.com/ sayanything-4808

    (Bake your noodle time…)

  • http://suitepotato.blogspot.com/ sayanything-4808

    The intent is information gathering. Infliction of pain is a byproduct. Any federal criminal court in the land is bound by that. Stop thinking civil law with its lower level of proof or should I say more correctly, convincing, Lioncourt. In the end, that is all that is about. Convincing a civil jury of ordinary people of XYZ. In criminal law, the standards are much different and much tighter.

  • WOOFX
  • WOOFX

    Big tent.
    Crimes Against Humanity

  • http://suitepotato.blogspot.com/ sayanything-4808

    Lioncourt:

    You are accusing motive with intent.

    So Lioncourt is now attempting to argue law with some people who actually have practiced it but can’t get his grammar right. The word should be confusing.

    That’s not a spelling mistake made in hasty touch typing, that’s using entirely the wrong word.

    Cure Hannah to shop up and offer a defense of Lioncourt’s misuse of the word accusing and an alternate definition not found anywhere in the English language in 3… 2…

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