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Thursday, February 01, 2007

Are We Approaching The Great Depression?

That’s the gloomy impression given by the AP in this article:

WASHINGTON - People once again spent everything they made and then some last year, pushing the personal savings rate to the lowest level since the Great Depression more than seven decades ago.

The Commerce Department reported Thursday that the savings rate for all of 2006 was a negative 1 percent, meaning that not only did people spend all the money they earned but they also dipped into savings or increased borrowing to finance purchases. The 2006 figure was lower than a negative 0.4 percent in 2005 and was the poorest showing since a negative 1.5 percent savings rate in 1933 during the Great Depression.

Not surprisingly, the AP decided to run with this doom and gloom angle in the face of otherwise very positive economic news:

For December, consumer spending rose a solid 0.7 percent, the best showing in five months, while incomes rose by 0.5 percent, both figures matching Wall Street expectations.

In other news, the Labor Department reported that the number of newly laid off workers filing claims for unemployment benefits dropped by 20,000 last week to 307,000. That improvement pushed the four-week average for claims to the lowest level in a year, indicating that the labor market remains healthy.

And what the AP doesn’t get around to telling you until the 6th and 7th paragraphs is that the current savings environment for Americans is much different than it was back in the 1930’s:

During the Great Depression when one-fourth of the labor force was without a job, people dipped into savings in an effort to meet the basic necessities of shelter and clothing.

Economists have put forward various reasons to explain the current lack of savings. These range from a feeling on the part of some people that they do not need to save because of the run-up in their investments such as homes and stock portfolios to an effort by many middle-class wage earners to maintain their current lifestyles even though their wage gains have been depressed by the effects of global competition.

I’d say that American wages aren’t growing as quickly more because of spiraling health care costs which eat into their take-home pay than international competition.  What kind of an anti-free trade protectionist wrote this article?

Anyway, back to saving, I think we need to remember that in 2007 the finances of your average American are much more diverse and complicated than the finances of your average 1930’s American.  In the 1930’s investing in the stock market was something reserved exclusively for white collar Americans.  If a “blue collar” American wanted to save up some money he/she just put it in the bank.  But these days nearly everyone with a full-time job has some sort of a retirement investment plan, and citizens all over the country have even taken to doing their own investing online.  To put it simply, most Americans are worth more than what is in their savings account at the bank.

We also need to remember that a lot of the things Americans purchase these days have equity that they didn’t used to have thanks to a whole new “second economy” of consumerism brought about, primarily, by eBay (along with Craig’s List and other services like that).  That an American can now buy a computer or PDA or plasma television, use it for three or four years, and then turn around and sell it again for maybe a quarter or so of what it was worth new is significant.  Things didn’t used to work that way.  It used to be that if you bought a television you kept it forever, eventually sticking it up in an attic or just throwing it away when it was no longer of use.  You might have been able to get a bit of something for it at a garage sale, but certainly putting some items up for sale in your driveway doesn’t give you access to the sort of used-items market services like eBay can.

Given these new realities, I think maybe it’s time we started to review some of our economic measures that don’t seem to fully grasp the changes in our economy over the last decade or so before we go wringing our hands about a new “Great Depression.”

Comments

I wonder if they are aware that the not very Great Depression was caused by the government.  (According to Milton Friedman that is).


What’s going to happen to US industry when the global warming extremists like John McCain double the price of electricity?  I would think all these factories will close and set up in countries where they aren’t scared of technology.


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The Whistler on February 1, 2007 at 08:57 am

I’ve been wondering if they included people’s investments as savings.  I suspect they don’t.  In any case, why would people want to keep money in a bank, if the interest rate doesn’t even match the current rate of inflation?

Whistler, do you know where Milton said that?  I wanted to send it on to my father, who was a young child during that period and still thinks that FDR saved the country with his measures.

Carrick on February 1, 2007 at 09:14 am
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Carrick, that was my thought too.  I don’t believe investments are calculated as part of savings, especially given this from the article:

Economists have put forward various reasons to explain the current lack of savings. These range from a feeling on the part of some people that they do not need to save because of the run-up in their investments such as homes and stock portfolios

The current spending trends would make sense given how well the stock market is doing.  People are feeling really secure right now, financially.

PErsonally, I know I don’t keep a heck of a lot in savings.  I push as much of it as I can into my retirement IRA, mostly so that I can’t easily get my hands on it and spend it.  I’ve got a credit card with a big limit if some emergency comes up (need a new furnace or something), but I can pay that down right away out of my investment savings if I need to.

If you just looked at my bank accounts you probably would think I’m spending everything I make, but in reality I’m actually saving quite a bit.  I’ll bet I’ve got more saved now than most people my age do.


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Rob on February 1, 2007 at 09:21 am

Whistler, do you know where Milton said that?  I wanted to send it on to my father, who was a young child during that period and still thinks that FDR saved the country with his measures.

It was in his book and PBS show free to choose.  Apparently Google video took down the series again.  I had them all posted during Rob’s honeymoon.

I did download the video’s and if you I’d be happy to send you a CD with it on there.


What’s going to happen to US industry when the global warming extremists like John McCain double the price of electricity?  I would think all these factories will close and set up in countries where they aren’t scared of technology.


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The Whistler on February 1, 2007 at 09:34 am
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Friedman argued that the downward turn in the economy starting with the stock market crash would have been just another recession. The problem was that some large, public bank failures, particularly the Bank of the United States, produced widespread runs on local banks, and that the Federal Reserve sat idly by while banks fell. He claimed that if the Federal Reserve had acted by providing emergency lending to these key banks or simply bought government bonds on the open market to provide liquidity and increase the quantity of money after the key banks fell, all the rest of the banks would not have fallen after the large ones did

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression

WOOF on February 1, 2007 at 09:51 am

Woof, the larger thing from the video and book was that the Federal Reserve reduced the money supply by a third in 3-4 years.

That one factor lead to the Depression being so deep and lasting so long.


What’s going to happen to US industry when the global warming extremists like John McCain double the price of electricity?  I would think all these factories will close and set up in countries where they aren’t scared of technology.


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The Whistler on February 1, 2007 at 10:00 am
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I have a friend who managed to become a dot-com millionare, and who retired fairly young. He and his wife travels around the world when they’re not flying their helicopter up and down the coast of California or buying and restoring old cars. Too bad he cannot afford to retire:

Whatever the reason for the low savings, economists warn that it the phenomenon exists at a particularly bad time with 78 million baby boomers approaching retirement age. Instead of building up savings to use during retirement, baby boomers are continuing to spend all their earnings.

You see, since stocks don’t count as savings in Commerce Department figures--because they’re counted as an expense for something purchased rather than a surplus in income over money spent which is assumed to be put into a savings account at the bank--the millions that my friend managed to squirrel away in “savings” was actually squirreled away in stocks, not “savings"--which means he doesn’t actually have any money to retire on.

The sad thing is that stories decrying the terrible savings rate of Americans and the danger to individual retirement are as old as I can remember: I remember them during Reagan’s Administration when we started seeing more and more people buy stocks, and I remember them during Clinton’s Administration when the press kept asking him to “do something.”

Is the press that stupid? Or is there an agenda here behind the willful ignorance?

William Woody on February 1, 2007 at 10:08 am

WOOF,

The foundation of nearly all of the Friedmans’ work in economics, and that of their successor monetarists, was that the money supply should remain in balance with the overall economy.  Too much money in circulation causes inflation.  Too little, and the result is deflation.

The Great Depression was really a combination of several events, the 1929 stock market crash, an ensuing economic recession, and a banking panic, or run, which started in NYC and quickly spread across the country as the Federal Reserve wrongly drained liquidity from the banking system and the economy rather than correctly adding more liquidity, that is, putting more money in circulation.

Incidentally, for all you “fair trade” protectionists out there, it was the Smoot-Hawley tariffs that effectively exported our economic and monetary calamities overseas, thus spreading even more misery.


“Poverty of goods is easily cured; poverty of the mind is irreparable.”

Bat One on February 1, 2007 at 11:23 am

The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act contributed to the Great Depression. Nd.’s three stooges in Congress would like to see it reinstated!
Also 401k’s, home equity and ROTH ira’s aren’t included in the savings rate.

Kevin on February 1, 2007 at 12:28 pm

I can see depression because the dems are in charge of government now.


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goon on February 1, 2007 at 04:10 pm

I’ve been wondering if they included people’s investments as savings.  I suspect they don’t.  In any case, why would people want to keep money in a bank, if the interest rate doesn’t even match the current rate of inflation?

They don’t include investments in savings rate stats, and they shouldn’t.  Savings are different than investments.  People/Families need both. 

If some economic downturn or event would occur its savings that would be necessary to ride it out. 

On the flip side if the US dollar were to crash a person holding stocks/real estate would be able to protect their purchasing power. 

I think most Americans are over confident in the stock/real estate market, and there is no substitution for savings.


"All the perplexities, confusion and distress in America arise not from defects in their Constitution or Confederation, nor from want of honor or virtue, so much as downright ignorance of the nature of coin, credit and circulation.”
- John Adams

Troy_Pineri on February 1, 2007 at 05:11 pm

From Nick Barisheff:

Many investors and their advisors subscribe to the buy-and-hold strategy, believing that equities always go up.  They like to refer to the past twenty years as proof that this is the case.  However, if you look further back and examine more than just the last cycle, you will likely develop a different viewpoint.  Imagine that you were 60 years old in 1968, and quite content with your buy-and-hold philosophy; the previous 20 years were good ones for equities and bonds.  But if you stayed with that same strategy for the next 20 years, you would have had a difficult retirement.  You would have lost money in bonds, and it would have taken 17 years for your equities just to break even.  After taking into account the eroding effects of inflation, the purchasing power of your investments would have suffered substantially.  Although eventually the buy-and-hold strategy would have worked, you likely didn’t live long enough to make up your losses in the next cycle.


"All the perplexities, confusion and distress in America arise not from defects in their Constitution or Confederation, nor from want of honor or virtue, so much as downright ignorance of the nature of coin, credit and circulation.”
- John Adams

Troy_Pineri on February 1, 2007 at 05:35 pm

Troy, it seems that Nick needs a little more investment savvy.  The buy-and-hold stategy works with well-managed funds since they do all hard work.  If you like bonds, buying and holding until maturity reducss the market fluctuations to nil.  Gold and silver have also been good to me probably another no-no from Barisheff.


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docdave on February 1, 2007 at 06:07 pm

Oops I didn’t link, Nick is actually writing about Gold.

Here is the link.

I included that short text because I think there exists a large percentage of investors who park their money in the market and do not actively monitor its progress and confuse saving with investing.


"All the perplexities, confusion and distress in America arise not from defects in their Constitution or Confederation, nor from want of honor or virtue, so much as downright ignorance of the nature of coin, credit and circulation.”
- John Adams

Troy_Pineri on February 1, 2007 at 06:23 pm

Doc’s coment on gold made me think of a story I heard.

There was a stock trader in NYC who was young and confident both in his abilities and in stock market performance.  He spent alot of time with a particular client that had considerable precious metals.  An elderly gentleman that had escaped Nazi persecution in Poland and gotten to America where he had prospered.

The young trader explained many times how investing in mining companies and gold stocks could tap into the returns associated with gold while not holding the metal.

The client listened patiently, but after the third or fouth pitch, he shook his head and said, “Ahhh the young always believe they are right, but let me tell you this.  Sometimes it is a good thing to have enough gold on hand to bribe the border guards.”

I love old school wisdom.


The second day of July, 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance, by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forever more.

-John Adams

gilbyguy on February 1, 2007 at 06:36 pm

Undoubtedly, you are right, troy, that people want to park their money in the market and then forget about it.  That is not only a huge mistake but also unworkable especially if most of your savings in IRAs from which you must be making annual withdrawsls That there are also tax factors goes without saying.  My tax considerations are in my non-ira monies which are mostly in tax exempt securities.

Playing the market can be both fun and profitable if you have the right consultants and information.  The markets are not static so investments must be periodically reviewed.


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docdave on February 1, 2007 at 06:41 pm
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I review my investments once a year.  At that time I usually diversify a bit, and modify the amount I put away.

I’m just now getting to the point where I have enough invested to really be able to consider a lot of options.

On the flip side of the buy-and-hold argument, day trading isn’t all that wise either.  Not for people wanting to play it safe anyway.


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Rob on February 1, 2007 at 06:56 pm

gliby, my precious metal is all in bullion so I guess it could also be available to bribe ‘tha guards’.  Many of the worlds peoples carry around their gold on chains: neck, wrist, ankle.


The Supreme Court is a bunch of black robed tyrants

docdave on February 1, 2007 at 07:05 pm

Just forget about the future and enjoy another sample of micro brew like Troy_Pineri does!

Kevin on February 1, 2007 at 08:13 pm

I just saw this link over on Instapundit.  It had this to say about our so-called savings rate:

The rate that does not include the $3.2 trillion Americans have socked away in 401 Ks and other pre-tax savings plans.

For the purpose of the discussion I think those investments are every bit a part of our savings rate as a passbook.


What’s going to happen to US industry when the global warming extremists like John McCain double the price of electricity?  I would think all these factories will close and set up in countries where they aren’t scared of technology.


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The Whistler on February 2, 2007 at 11:46 am
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